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Mexico, officially called the United Mexican States, is an American country located in the southern part of North America, with capital in Mexico City, and politically it is a representative, democratic, federal and secular republic, composed of 32 federative entities. The Mexican territory has an area of ​​1,964,375 km², making it the thirteenth largest country in the world and the third largest in Latin America. It limits to the north with the United States of America along a border of 3 155 km, while to the south it has a border of 958 km with Guatemala and 276 km with Belize.

The country's coasts border the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea to the east, adding 9 330 km, making it the third largest coastal country in the Americas. Mexico is the eleventh most populous country in the world, with a population estimated at over 124 million people in 2018. Most of them have Spanish as their mother tongue, which the state recognizes as a national language along with 67 indigenous languages of the nation, although around 287 languages ​​are spoken in the country, these figures make Mexico the country with the highest number of Spanish speakers, as well as the seventh country with the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. The human presence in Mexico dates back to 14,000 years before the present, and as a result of thousands of years of cultural development, Mesoamerican, aridoamerican and oasisamerican cultures arose in Mexican territory.

The current territory of Mexico was the main and greatest stage of the Mexica people and, in part, of the Mayan people, two of the most important civilizations of pre-Columbian America. After almost 300 years of Spanish domination, Mexico began the struggle for political independence in 1810. Subsequently, for nearly a century the country was involved in a series of internal wars and foreign invasions that had repercussions in all areas of life of the Mexicans. For much of the twentieth century there was a period of great economic growth within the framework of a policy dominated by a single political party.

According to the World Tourism Organization, Mexico is the main tourist destination in Latin America and the sixth most visited in the world, this is largely due to the 34 cultural or natural sites that are considered by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site., and is in this sense the first on the continent and sixth in the world. In macroeconomic terms, by gross domestic product it is the fourteenth world economy and the eleventh by parity of purchasing power. On a regional scale, it is the second largest economy in Latin America and the fourth in the continent, and according to the UN's 2018 report on human development, it has a high human development index of 0.774, and ranks 74th in the world., which has made great progress alongside countries such as Indonesia, Turkey, Thailand and South Africa, considering the fact that in 2010 had a human development index of 0.743, however, its adjusted human development index The inequality is 0.608. Considered medium.

Mexico is also one of the countries with the greatest diversity of climates in the world, considered one of the 17 megadiverse countries of the planet, is home to 10-12% of the world's biodiversity and is home to more than 12,000 endemic species.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico

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