Chat in Fayrōz Kōh

Muammar Muhammad Abu-minyar al-Gaddafi - although there are other ways to transliterate his name - was a Libyan military, politician and revolutionary who ruled his country for 42 years, from September 1, 1969 until the day of his death in 2011. During his tenure of several decades in power, he promoted the "third universal theory" and the yamahiriya as ideology and the ideal socialist state for the third world, respectively. Although he did not officially hold any public office since 1979, he was given the honorary title of "leader of the Revolution" or "brother leader and leader of the Revolution," according to government statements and press officials.

After graduating with a law degree, he led the Revolution of September 1 in 1969 that overthrew King Idris I of Libya, replacing the Kingdom of Libya with the Libyan Arab Republic. As part of his socialist government program, Gaddafi nationalized in the 1970s all private enterprise, including land, the oil industry and banks, and allowing only small family businesses. Because of the age at which he took power, his image as a rebel soldier and his leftist anticolonialist and anti-Western policies and distribution of wealth, he was frequently described as the "Arab Che Guevara." He wanted to be the successor of the Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, as the visible head of the pan-Arabism and the Arab socialism and tried on more than one occasion, without success, to unify Libya with one of these Arab countries: Egypt, Sudan, Syria and Iraq, arriving even to form the Federation of Arab Republics between 1972 and 1977.

Additionally, Gaddafi made attempts to unify Libya with Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Chad. Likewise, he wanted to position himself as the successor of the then Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito and the Indian politician Sri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru within the Non-Aligned Movement, to become the leader of this organization of non-aligned third world states neither with American capitalism nor with the Soviet socialism. In his exercise of power he had several metamorphoses in his geopolitical alignment.

At the beginning of his regime he preserved a certain closeness with France, but soon he aligned himself with the extinct superpower Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, successively embracing Pan-Arabism, anti-capitalism, pro-Sovietism, pan-Islamism, warmongering interventionism and pacifist pan-Africanism that made him the architect of the African Union, especially in the 1980s, was the object of several attempts to overthrow by the US government during a US bombing of Tripoli, executed in 1986, Under the administration of Ronald Reagan, Hana, the daughter of Gaddafi, was killed, and Gaddafi was belligerent when he sent around 3000 Libyan soldiers in support of the Ugandan dictator Idi Amin during the Uganda-Tanzania war. of the 70s. Between the 70s and 80s, Gaddafi intervened militarily in his southern neighbor Chad, ordered the invasion and annexation of e the Chadian Aouzou Strip due to its potential uranium deposits, and tried to overthrow the then President Hissène Habré during the Toyota War.

Between the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, when he abandoned the sponsorship of terrorism in third countries and the development of weapons of mass destruction, he obtained rehabilitation by the Western powers, which brought his country from the category of "pariah state" to that of a full member of the "international community", a transit that ends with the trip to Tripoli of Western politicians from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany. For this reason, Muammar Gaddafi has been described as both a skilled leader and a revolutionary and idealist colonel, as well as an unpredictable, feared and despotic leader, and in order to improve the economic situation in Libya, Gaddafi allowed the entry of oil companies during the 2000s. foreign. In February 2011, protests by opponents of the Gaddafi government were harshly repressed, exacerbating the conflict that led to a large-scale rebellion and a serious armed conflict encouraged and supported by NATO and other related countries.

The opposition troops managed to dominate a large part of the Libyan territory in a few months and captured the capital on August 22, 2011, after which Gaddafi fled to Sirte, continuing from there a government parallel to the National Transitional Council. After several weeks under siege, Gaddafi was wounded and after his capture by the rebels, executed by them in the middle of the street on October 20, 2011. The UN demanded an investigation into his death, as there are enough indications that it was killed by the rebel soldiers who guarded him after his arrest.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi